Sports Psychology Yips Research Paper

Introduction The ‘yips’ is a term used in sports to describe a transient loss of fine motor skills due to various causes. Although the major etiology is unknown, many researchers attribute it to a psychological and neurological cause. It is a reversible condition which has lead to the end of many sports careers due to poor performance (Vonbrock 50). In golf, it is referred to as a movement disorder that usually impedes with putting. This is because it leads to twitching, jerking and loss of concentration that leads to missing of short putts in golf (Cullen 56). Many researchers have attributed the condition to biochemical changes in the brain that leads to abnormal muscular movement. In humans, the brain acts as the centre of control for all fine motor and proprioception movements. These are very important in sports as they enable the golfer to coordinate movement while making a smooth stroke. The biochemical components in the brain are important for sending signal messages to the peripheral muscles so as to facilitate movement. Alteration in these biochemical components leads to muscle twitching or jerking which is referred to as the yips. The golfer complains of a nerve tingling experience in their hand or wrist thus they are unable to be steady over the ball (Rotella 48). Other researchers on the other hand, believe that the golfer experiences some psychological tension which results in the confusion and loss of coordination. They argue that the golfer must have experienced a previous social situation in which they were humiliated which is triggered by the current situation. This is because the yips usually occur during life changing moments or tournament. The brain may not necessarily respond by physiological changes but the body does and develops the yips. This results in compounded events of humiliation to the golfer which recurs every time they have a game (Vonbrock 38). Although a common condition, cure for the yips is unknown. Some researchers argue that psychological cure is the only way to cure the disorder. They believe that once the player is able to block or neutralize his past humiliating events, then he will not develop the yips. However, this has proved to be very difficult and time consuming leading to the eventual loss of careers (Joseph 12). This paper will seek to determine the main cause of the yips and the cure of the condition. The study hypothesis is that the yips usually results from psychological causes and the cure can only be developed by psychological means. Methodology Participant In our study, a total of ten golfers volunteered of whom only one was left handed. They were 3 females and 7 males whose age was between 19-30 years. The golfers must have played golf competitively with at least eight years of experience with a handicap of 9 or better. They all used the same length of putter. Instruments During the study, we did not have any sophisticated equipments and thus we used an ordinary putter. In order to record the shots, we used three video recorders. The first camera focused on the golfer’s wrist and hands, while the other camera focused behind the hole with a full shot of the body and hole. The last camera focused on a full shot while facing the golfer. We used a heart rate monitor watch. We also used measuring equipment in order to determine the distance at which most golfers usually experience the yips. All the findings we also recorded on a paper to be analyzed alongside with the video recording. Procedure The experiment was carried out at midday when all the golfers were comfortable. Each golfer was then asked to putt separately with no audience but for the researcher. This was important so that the other golfers would not anticipate what would happen and thus alter the results. Before the golfers were allowed to putt, we placed the three video cameras in place and took the reading of each golfer’s heart rate. Each golfer started with five putts at ten feet and five putts at seven feet. In order to make things more competitive, each golfer was to putt from the same distance as the baseline putts. However, this time in case the golfer was to perform worse than the baseline putts, one of the researchers would shock their arm. In case the golfer performed better than the baseline putts, then they would be given a new putter of their choice. Before they were allowed to putt, each of the golfer’s heart rate was measured. Each golfer was then allowed to take 10 putts from the baseline. Each of the golfers who performed poorly underwent some mental training so as to ease the tension. The mental training included helping the golfer in concentration, control, confidence and commitment. In concentration the golfers were asked to practice on some focusing drills on ten foot putts for which they had to make a goal for each putt. They were also asked to come up with a word that would help them concentrate in case they would be distracted. In order to improve confidence, each golfer was asked to visualize previous good performances. So as to gain control, the golfers were trained on how to control both anger and anxiety. Each golfer was also asked to write the goals they would like to achieve. They were also asked to hang them on the wall so as to act as a constant reminder and thus make them committed to their purpose. After the training procedure, each of the golfers was asked to undergo the same procedure. The findings were then analyzed. One was classified as having the yips if they missed and confessed to having jerky and twitching movements during the putt. Results At the beginning of the experiment each of the golfer’s heart rate was measured. Out of the ten, only one of the golfer’s heart rate was above the normal. The normal heart rate for an average adult was taken to range between 60-100 beats per minute. During the first round, where the golfers were under no pressure, there was outstanding performance at ten feet with only one or two putt misses. However, there was one golfer who would always miss to the right by an inch. The golfers missed putts at ten feet in such a way that they missed the hole by less than an inch or the ball was hanging on the edge of the hole. None of the golfers missed at the seven feet. After putting the golfers under pressure, out of the ten golfers, only four recorded abnormal heart rates including the one who previously had a high heart rate reading. Out of the ten golfers, only two suffered the yips. One of the golfers who suffered the yips would always push the ball too hard thus it would fall about three feet from the hole. The other golfer would miss it about an inch to the right. The two golfers admitted to have suffered from the yips right before they would make a putt. After the mental training, the golfers underwent the same procedure. The results were similar to those before the pressure round. However, one golfer would always miss the putts by one inch to the right. After putting pressure on the golfers, the heart rate recordings were found to be normal. One of the golfers performed better than his baseline putts. The other golfer however, would always miss the putts by about an inch to the right. After enquiry, it was discovered the golfer who always missed had some physical problem with the wrist. He would experience twitching whenever he tried to grab or hold something. Table 1. Table showing those with yips without and under pressure With yips Without the yips Total Without psychological pressure 1 9 10 Under psychological pressure 2 8 10 Table 2. Table showing golfers with increased heart rate without and with pressure Increased heart rate Normal heart rate Total Without psychological pressure 1 9 10 Under psychological pressure 4 6 10 Table 3. Table showing those with yips before and after training With yips under pressure Without the yips Total Before training program 2 0 2 After training program 1 1 2 Discussion During the experiment it was discovered that putting the golfers under pressure often resulted in the development of yips. This means that the study hypothesis is true as the golfers only developed the yips after psychological pressure. The golfer who seemed to develop the yips throughout the experiment was discovered to have a physical problem. This means that he did not suffer the yips due to any psychological or neurological problem. The mental training process included training on confidence, concentration, control and commitment. The level of confidence the player has determines how well the athlete will cope at difficult situations (Cullen 32). Concentration was vital as it determined the level of mental quality to focus on the task at hand. It is vital for any golfer to concentrate when making a putt. Lack of concentration may lead to missing when making a putt which causes frustration to the player. Control of both anger and anxiety will help the golfer concentrate on the task at hand. Commitment was also vital as one has to be committed to their goals in order to succeed (Jason 87). After the mental training session, it was noted that the golfers did not miss their putts. This means that a mental control would help prevent the development of yips. It was also noted that although yips had a neurological cause, the major cause was psychological. A psychological form of treatment would thus help prevent the development of yips and hence save many careers in sports. Conclusion In summary, the yip is one of the most distressing things that could happen to a golfer. This is because it occurs during a life changing event or tournament. It may result from both a neurological and psychological cause. The study helped to establish that psychological problems may result to development of the yips. However due to limitation of the study it did not exclude the neurological cause. It is thus important to employ both psychological and neurological forms of measure in the prevention of the yips. Work cited Cullen, Bob. Golf is not a game of confidence. NY: Simon Chuster. 1995. Print. Jason, Selk. Mental training program. London: McGraw Hill. 2008. Print. Jon, Wertheim. Hidden influences behind sports. CA: Crown Archetype. 2011. Print. Joseph, Parent. Mastering the mental game. NY: Elsevier. 2003. Print. Rotella, Bob. Golf is not a game of perfect. Chicago: Simon Chuster. 1995. Print. Vonbrock, Stacey. A Handbook on nervousness. London: Oxford. 2005. Print.

Outside Global Flow Interview My Philippine Friend

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Culture Is A Learned Phenomenon Free Essays

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Equity in the Workplace Essay Example For Students

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Complete review of all Human Resource policies and practices to remove any language that presents a barrier and the addition of a number of new policies and practices to reinforce the companys commitment to Employment Equity. .u4e298a0d4de2f993a934a6a3b7d5246f , .u4e298a0d4de2f993a934a6a3b7d5246f .postImageUrl , .u4e298a0d4de2f993a934a6a3b7d5246f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4e298a0d4de2f993a934a6a3b7d5246f , .u4e298a0d4de2f993a934a6a3b7d5246f:hover , .u4e298a0d4de2f993a934a6a3b7d5246f:visited , .u4e298a0d4de2f993a934a6a3b7d5246f:active { border:0!important; } .u4e298a0d4de2f993a934a6a3b7d5246f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4e298a0d4de2f993a934a6a3b7d5246f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4e298a0d4de2f993a934a6a3b7d5246f:active , .u4e298a0d4de2f993a934a6a3b7d5246f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4e298a0d4de2f993a934a6a3b7d5246f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4e298a0d4de2f993a934a6a3b7d5246f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4e298a0d4de2f993a934a6a3b7d5246f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4e298a0d4de2f993a934a6a3b7d5246f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4e298a0d4de2f993a934a6a3b7d5246f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4e298a0d4de2f993a934a6a3b7d5246f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4e298a0d4de2f993a934a6a3b7d5246f .u4e298a0d4de2f993a934a6a3b7d5246f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4e298a0d4de2f993a934a6a3b7d5246f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: An Unexpected Encounter Essay The policies will include matters such as: Code of Conduct Prohibition Against Harassment and Abuse Accommodation Recruiting, Retention and Attrition Substance Abuse Establishment and communication of short and long-term hiring and promotion goals for designated groups Development of best practices to ensure Managerial Accountability to Employment Equity. Communications to employees on Employment Equity through the company newsletter and website, as well as through communications from the Human Resources Department. Due Diligence Questions:1. What actions, objectives or measures have been implemented to ensure, improve or enforce an equitable workplace?Answer: See objectives and initiatives2. Does the policies address specific anti-discrimination statues, such as, Title VII, ADEA, ADA, Equal Pay Act, and Employment Equity Act? Answer: List the specific statues addressed 3. What is Employment, Incs process to responding to charges or claims from a regulatory agency?Answer: List the steps in this section4. How does Employment, Inc address reduction in workforce issues?Answer:5. How does the company determine who will be terminated due to a reduction in workforce? Are there specific methods? Please list methods. Answer:6. Does the company have any past complaints related to discrimination or unlawful discharge?Answer:Reimer Express: Equality in the Workplace Retrieved February 2, 2005 www.reimerexpress.com/about/equality. html. -25k

DEAF STUDIES 200 Flashcard

DEAF STUDIES 200

Enzyme Kinetics essays

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Diversity in Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

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Sport in high schools and colleges Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Sports Marketing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sports Marketing Plan - Essay Example The prognosis is that while the American economy is recovering from the recent crisis, the recovery will continue to run at a slow pace (Amadeo, 2012b; Dewan, 2012). In the short term, the presidential elections will shape spending and other key factors that impact the economy (Moffatt, 2012). Some US regions will experience more pronounced growth compared to others (Kotkin, 2012) It can be surmised from the available evidence that the regulatory and legal system in the US continues to provide a strong foundation for successful small and medium businesses, and constitute a bulwark for established large multinationals. Legal requirements for gymnastics clubs share many aspects in common with regulations and laws covering small and medium businesses, together with industry-specific aspects, such as insurance coverage to shield owners and employees from injury liability, among other things (Kotkin, 2012; Newman, 2012; Mechanic, 2007; K&K Insurance Group, 2009). Demographic trends include a downward shift in the white majority birth numbers, now constituting less than 50 percent of total new births in the US (Dougherty and Jordan, 2012). As of 2011, out of a population of 313.84 million, 20 percent were 14 years old and below, and about 87 percent were below 65 years old. As of 2007 whites made up close to 80 percent of the population, followed by blacks at 13 percent, Asians at 4.5 percent, and other minorities making up the rest. The large Caucasian majority and the large young population are important demographic characteristics relating to the current and potential target markets for X Gymnastics (Central Intelligence Agency, 2012).. Data from US Gymnastics show that school-age females continue to be the most prolific participants in gymnastics programs all over the United States. Women in general outnumber men in memberships in different gymnastics

One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest and Clockwork Orange

One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest and Clockwork Orange In both Burgess and Kesey books we are hosted by characters that are rejected by society. Society which has impacted them so greatly, that it has caused them to make decisions that have affected the outcome of each of these brilliant novels. In the Clockwork Orange we are introduced to the character Alex. Alex in this novel can be viewed as the unreliable narrator, due to the fact that it is almost impossible to pick out what will be his next move in the novel, this creates an element of suspense. As we know the book is set in futuristic Britain and the way in which so called Futuristic Britain is laid out perhaps plays a big part in the behaviour of Alex. In One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest by Ken Kesey the narrator the Chief who is a half Indian man assumes the position of a half deaf, half dumb individual. Though his stance in the book shows his true position as through his eyes we see vividly what the other characters are like especially R.P McMurphy, we also throughout the book se e him as a reliable narrator. Though we wonder when reading one who flew over the Cuckoos nest, if the narrator should off in fact been R.P Mc Murphy. I say this because the majority of the novel is about him and his time in the insane ward, though we can firmly understand why he would not be suitable narrator because he would feel empowered to control the flow of the narration. However in Chief Bromdens case, he has not been lobotomized but freed and he is the one who tells the story of McMurphy and becomes an individual who we can trust to deliver the story accurately. The Chief tells us his story through memory and sometimes perhaps when he is sees a certain object he breaks down for example the fog. The Function of both narrators is to dictate the story and explore the faults in society. Through the psychological deterioration of McMurphy the Chief comments on how society has somewhat contributed to the downfall of R.P McMurphy. When we are first introduced to Alex we automatically as readers dislike him for the fact that he participates in ultraviolent activities and conforms to way of living which consists of going to milk bar, getting drugged up and beating someone up. However when look at Alexs we see an alternate view of society and somewhat we feel sympathetic about the way he behaves as he does not know any better, the writers in terms of both narrators forces the reader to consider what it would be like to live in their shoes of as well as highlighting the function each narrator holds. Based in an asylum in Oregon, One who flew over the Cuckoos nest uses the theme of Societys destruction of humans, the main protagonist succumbs to the machine and the machine suppresses him and his uniqueness. Here we see the main function of Chief Broomden as the narrator, we learn one of the many horrible truths about this hospital; he reveals that the hospital has not only destroyed his life but his compassion as w ell. The knowledge that we learn from Chief Broomden shows the sad life that the inmates live and how the machine is slowly tearing their humanity from them. The Chief begins by telling us what the insane asylum is like and in the opening sentence we hear him saying, Black boys commit sex acts in the hall and get it mopped up before I can catch them. This quote you can use in order to compare to the lifestyle of the inmates, they are individuals who have no future and have been mopped up by society and discarded. However in relation to this quote we cannot really put our full trust in The Chief as he proves that his memory is perhaps a little disjointed and his recollection of events are not exactly true. However The Chiefs character plays an important part in the way we are portrayed the story as his stance as a deaf and dumb person has allowed him to eavesdrop conversations which provide a sense of accuracy when they are conveyed towards the readers. The Chiefs character plays on the theme of Invisibility, the Chief throughout the book is in the background though his assumption that there are so called hidden machines contributes to his paranoia. The quote, I been silent so long now its gonna roar out of me like floodwaters and you think the guy telling this is ranting and raving my God; you think this is too horrible to have really happened, this is too awful to be the truth! But, please. Its still hard for me to have clear mind thinking on it. But its the truth even if it didnt happen. Is just an example of Chief Broomden mental state, this is taken from part one of One who flew over the cuckoos nest. Another example of the Chiefs character is where he is being taken in to be shaven he uses Air raids to describe what it feels like; however at this point from the story he has still not addressed the readers though the readers now have access to his thoughts. Kesey does this because he wants to get the readers familiar to the Chief and not discard the Chief just how society has discarded the Chief. In terms of the function of the narrator, one of Chief Broomden functions is to show what sort of hell patients of insane asylums go though just because they have been discarded by society. If we look at the last line of this quote we see Bromdens hallucinations are not just insane hallucinations but they provide a metaphorical perspective. In terms of the of the quote the metaphorical perspective is the fact that Broomden throughout this story regains some of his humanity back, he still sees the gruelling everyday life of the insane asylum. Even though the Chief is liable to hallucinations we have to trust the Chief to deliver the story of R.P McMurphy due to the fact that the Chief is our messenger. The Chief also assumes that the patients are controlled, by tiny machines who tell them what to do from the inside. However when R.P McMurphy is around he shows the patients by smashing the glass window that even if we cannot see that we are be ing controlled, he makes them remember that Society and especially Mrs Ratched are manipulating them. This occurs in the Clockwork Orange, as we see the story through the main protagonist Alex. Similarly in the Clockwork Orange Alex is subject to an experimentation which can also be interpreted as a way of tearing Alexs humanity away from him. He is subjected to the The Ludovico technique which makes him feel ill by thought and the viewing of violence. This quote represents Alexs lifestyle as he isnt like our other fellow narrator the Chief, The Korova milkbar sold milk-plus, milk plus vellocet or synthemesc or drencrom, which is what we were drinking. This would sharpen you up and make you ready for a bit of the old ultraviolence. We can tell for this quote that Alex lives in a world were sex, drugs and violence dominate. With Alex the way he talks symbolizes the fact that he is immature. He unlike the Chief is consistently uses slang vocabulary throughout the novel, the type of language that Alex uses is nadsat. Nadsat representing the Russian influence and socialist views that are presented in Burgesss Clockwork Orange. Burgess has cleverly implemented nadsat into this story as certain words have a hidden meaning. This in terms of our narrator provides a depth and deeper understanding of our main protagonist. For example in Alexs case the fact that Alex nicknames egg (eggiweg) and milk (moloko) gives us the image of a small baby who cannot fully pronounce a word. However it is clear that both egg and milk represent birth and youth. However the impact of Christ like figure in both novellas adds a religious aspect to the story. Both narrators acknowledge this, however in one who flew over the Cuckoos nest the Chief is more like the angel Gabriel and Mc Murphy is viewed more like Christ. In the Clockwork orange our narrator Alex can be interpreted as a Christ like figure. Alex in Clockwork orange serves two functions first as narrator and secondly as martyr figure. In terms of the martyr figure, Alex is seen to give who he is in order to conform to the system. The fact that Alex attempts to kill himself in the last part of the story shows how society can repress you that much that the only option is to take you own life. Alexs narration is similar to that of Christs final three days, as we know from the bible Jesus dies, buried and comes back to life. This is similar to Alex, Alex is caught by the police, thrown in prison and comes back to normal. Also in part two Alex makes a few comparisons to that of Christ, by turning the other cheek after being hit in the face. In relation to structure, when looking at A Clockwork Orange we can say that the novel is structured like that of a musical composition. The novel is structured in 3 parts, 7 chapters and each chapter conforms to an ABA pattern. When looking at part 1 we can see the similarity in part 3 as it mirrors each other. However part 2 is very different from both part 1 and 3. Both chapter 1 and 3 take are situated around Alexs home or area, however part 2 is taking place when Alex is in prison. When looking at Part 1 we see Alex saying Whats it going to be then, eh?, the same question is asked by the Prison guard in Part 2. When looking at the structure of the plot we see that the plot itself contains inversions. For example if we look back at Part one we see that Alex preys on other characters, however if we look at Part 3 Alex is the one who is getting preyed upon. When comparing the structure of A Clockwork Orange to One who flew over the cuckoos nest we see that that the book is seen to be a work of social criticism. This meaning that this book in a sense can be viewed as record book, as throughout the novel us as the audience develop our knowledge on each of these characters. When looking at individual chapters in the book Chapters 12 to 14 stands out as both of them start and end up quickly. The reason for this is perhaps to show how our narrator Chief Bromdens incoherent interpretation of the world around him. Our narrator throughout these two chapters in particular but also in most of the book presents only very short accounts of what is happening in the insane asylum. However when looking at Chief Broomden narrations in the relation to the structure he doesnt focus on what is around him, for example when the character Old Rawler commits suicide the details provided by the Chief are not clear at all. The Chief hardly ever in the story goes into detail what is around him, only when the fog is around he goes into description about the fog and how it affects him a nd the other patients on the ward. Bromden then in Chapter 15 compares the so called fog machine that the mental institution apparently have to the fog that he witnessed during the War. The story spoken by the Chief suggests to us that perhaps the reason why the Chief does not describe what he sees in full is perhaps due to an incident that happened in the war.

Communism and Karl Marx :: Communism Essays

Karl Marx was an idealist. He observed the cruelties and injustices that the poor working class endured during the period of industrial revolution, and was inspired to write of a society in which no oppression existed for any class of people. Marx believed in a revolution that would end socialism and capitalism, and focus on communist principles. The Communist Manifesto, written by Karl Marx, describes the goals of the communist party for ending exploitation of the working class and creating a society in which there is equality without social classes. As a historian, philosopher, and revolutionary, Marx has helped shaped the society of the past, present and future. He is known for being a liberal reformist who believed that capitalism could be reformed and inequality of the working classes could be addressed and abolished. I agree with Marx?s view points and feel he is a man that has achieved many great experiences throughout his lifetime for which he is remembered. "In communist society, where nobody has one exclusive sphere of activity but each can become accomplished in any branch he wishes, society regulates the general production and thus makes it possible for me to do one thing today and another tomorrow, to hunt in the morning, fish in the afternoon, rear cattle in the evening, criticize after dinner, just as I have a mind, without ever becoming hunter, fisherman, herdsman or critic." Marx idea gives the individual the ability to make choices, and the responsibility for the consequences of those choices. He attacks capitalism and criticizes it importunately because it produces inequality, reduces the family relationship, destroys small business, and enslaves. With a Capitalist system governing the society, powerful forces of self interest have a natural tendency to lead to collusion and corruption. In other words capitalist tend to seek power and to use it to rig the market to their favor to detriment of the society. Marx knew the class struggles that were apparent in Europe in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and how the division of classes affected one?s life. The bourgeoisie was the wealthy upper class and they proletariats were the lower working classes of Europe. This is where the theme of autonomy and responsibility steps in and plays a role in the changes that were made in society.

Biography and Artwork of Guy Harvey Essay

Guy Harvey was born in Lippspring Germany on September 16 1955. Guy Harvey is a 10th generation Jamaican as his family of German heritage immigrated there in 1664. Guy Harvey grew up next to the islands of Jamaica where there he spent most of his time diving and fishing of the islands southern coast. Guy soon fell in love and was fascinated by all types of fish and sea creatures. He then felt it necessary to re create all of these scenes in art so he began to draw a lot of marine life. Guy’s natural gift to recreate the underwater realm has propelled him from Professor of Marine Biology to a Wildlife Artist and Photographer. Guy initially opted for a scientific education, earning high honors in Marine Biology at Aberdeen University in Scotland in 1977. He continued his formal training at the University of West Indies, where he obtained a Doctorate in Fisheries Management. In 1985 guy began to recreate the novel â€Å"The Old Man and The Sea† by Ernest Hemingway into a b eautiful series of 44 pieces with pen and ink drawings. Guy enterered this artwork into museums in Jamaica. Guy received numerous awards and compliments on his pieces so by 1986 Guy went pro and then began providing artwork for merchandise such as apparel. Guy then became more involved with underwater photography where he traveled the world and became perfected the art of photographing free swimming billfish. Guy Harvey also became involved with scuba diving. Being underwater and on top of it enable guy to really get a better understanding of fish and marine life which makes his artwork that much more better and realistic. The Jamaica Committee presented Guy Harvey the Award of Excellence for his hands-on commitment to marine sciences, his inspired promotion of the protection of the marine environment and his philanthropy. The second is the Vasco Nunez de Balboa Grand Cross- the highest honor the country of Panama bestows on a non-Panamanian. Guy Harvey was presented this award for his work to preserve and publicize Panama’s marine resources. Lastly, the International Swimming Hall of Fame Gold Medallion Award. Presented each year to a former competitive swimmer for his or her national or international significant achievements in the field of science, entertainment, art, business, education, or government. Guy has also written numerous books toward the conservation of fish and other marine species as well as the biology aspects of his work. Guy Harvey is not only a full time artist, buy Guy is a huge conservationist. Guy has created organizations such as the Guy Harvey Ocean Foundation to help ensure conservation with marine organisms. Guy donates thousands of dollars to other organizations as well to make sure that we have life filled ocean in another one hundred years. References http://www.guyharvey.com/Biography http://www.natureartists.com http://www.depaulas.com

Can literature “tell the truth” better than other Arts or Areas of Knowledge? Essay Essay

Even as children, people are on a never-ending quest for â€Å"the truth.† Anyone who has witnessed a toddler incessantly ask his mother â€Å"Why?† can attest to that. Writers, artists, and scientists all have methods of finding â€Å"truth† and telling it to others. While the standards for what truth can be vary between Areas of Knowledge, no Area of Knowledge is significantly more capable of telling the â€Å"truth† than another. Since each area is strictly a human enterprise, they all face difficulties created by human nature, which makes them all equally capable (or incapable) of telling the truth. Before the effectiveness of different Areas of Knowledge in conveying truth can be evaluated, however, it is necessary to define truth, or rather, to clarify its nature. Typically, people rely on their senses, observations, and information taken from sources they believe to be reputable to learn of the truth. History has shown repeatedly, though, that â€Å"common sense,† authority, and consensus gentium are not always the most reliable methods of obtaining truth. For instance, from the 2nd century until the l6th century, people believed in the Ptolemaic system with the Earth as the center of the universe and all of the planets and stars revolving around it. The idea also corresponded well with people’s personal observations of the Earth as stable and the stars and planets as moving and was even supported by the Catholic Church. Today, however, we know (or at least, we think we know), that the Ptolemaic system is incorrect and that the Earth and other planets in our solar system revolve around the sun. What people thought to be true back then because of â€Å"obvious† reasons turned out to be false after all. Can there ever be an absolute truth then? And if there is, is there any way for man to know it and to be certain that he knows? For the foreseeable future, or for possibly all eternity, I believe that absolute truth, if it exists, is beyond our grasp. After all, humans have too many limitations, such as senses that can be deceived. There is no way for humans to know with absolute certainty that what they believe is true, even if it is true. There  always exists the possibility that what we believe to be the truth is not actually the truth. Furthermore, beliefs, experience, and other factors cause different people to have different truths. A psychotic thinks his delusions are true, but sane people tend to believe otherwise. Outside the realm of philosophy, however, this concept of a lack of an absolute truth becomes impractical and cumbersome. As C.S. Peirce said, â€Å"Let us not pretend to doubt in philosophy what we do not doubt in our hearts.† Thus, when addressing the ability of literature, other Arts, and other Areas of Knowledge in conveying truth, truth must be thought of in a different, pragmatic way. The standards set for truth can change, though, across Areas of Knowledge. In literature (in reference to novels, poetry, and other writings aside from scientific and historical nonfiction literature), the author tries to convey his own truth. That is, the message or the â€Å"truth† of the work is tied inexorably to what the author believes to be the truth, and thus is subject to all the factors that have influenced the author. Many great works of literature illustrate this idea, such as â€Å"Master Harold†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦and the Boys. If Athol Fugard had had a different life where he had not acted wrongly towards his childhood friend and felt guilty for the racist act afterwards, his masterpiece would have had a decidedly different view on the â€Å"truth† of racism. The same idea holds true for authors within the magic realism genre of literature, such as Gabriel Garcia Mà ¡rquez and Isabel Allende. In their culture, events such as people levitating in the air are considered perfectly natural. What others outside of their culture think of as figments of their imaginations, they think of as reality and as the truth. As such, truth in literature varies from one author to another. Truth also varies in this way in other Arts. An artist, like a writer, tries to convey his insights about the world. No matter how he does it, it is he who decides what the truth of his work is. As a result, other arts are like literature in that everything affecting the artist affects the â€Å"truth† of the work. The question then is whether literature or other arts are better at conveying what the creator believes to be true. Both face the same problem here in that they are open for interpretation by the audience. Thus, the viewer or listener’s background, beliefs, and other variables play into how well the artist’s â€Å"truth† can be told. Two different people can read the same novel or look at the same painting and uncover different truths. For  instance, the book The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald ends with the line, â€Å"So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past.† An optimistic reader may gather from this line and the rest of the novel that Fitzgerald is emphasizing the â€Å"truth† that perseverance in the face of difficulties may be difficult but is necessary, while a more pessimistic reader may think Fitzgerald is revealing that some of humanities’ efforts are just futile and worthless. Some may even say that other arts face even more difficult problems in this respect because the artist does not write down his/her message, but must instead convey it indirectly by invoking feelings. This â€Å"problem† with other arts, however, is actually dependent upon the audience. For instance, a concerto is much more likely to be able to â€Å"tell the truth† to a child with a limited vocabulary than a Charles Dickens’ novel is. It may be countered, though, that other arts have an advantage over literature in that they need not be translated for various cultures. It is difficult to translate and capture the essence of a literary masterpiece (especially with poetry) because words have connotations that may not translate into other languages. In some cases, the word does not even exist in another language. For instance, the Portuguese word saudade has no equivalent in English because no English word carries the same amount of emotion. Other Arts, however, actually do face this same intercultural challenge because symbols or sounds vary in meaning from one culture to another. The color red symbolizes good luck to the Chinese and permeates their artwork. In some parts of Africa, however, red is strictly a religious symbol that cannot even be worn on clothing. As such, a piece of art that uses the color red heavily and whose message is not clearly evident may be interpreted in different ways. Therefore, both literature and other Arts face the same problems when it comes to the audience and their interpretations. That is not to say, however, that neither literature nor other Arts have a great influence on the masses; often times, it is exactly the opposite. It is highly unlikely, though, that literature and other arts are always able to successfully â€Å"tell the truth,† or in this case, what the writer or artist believes is the truth, to everyone. The natural sciences, however, differ from literature and other arts when it comes to the truth. The â€Å"truth† in science cannot be taken as the scientist’s individual truth, as it can be with the author or poet or artist, but must rather fit set  standards. The scientist’s biases and prejudices must be taken into account and other scientists have to critically evaluate the evidence before any research can be considered to be â€Å"true.† Science faces a problem with truth, however, when it comes to interpreting data. Scientists are able to legitimately ignore some variables in their studies, such as whether or not the participants in a study of how effective a new treatment for cancer is have blue or brown eyes. Other variables are simply beyond their control though, and may affect the outcome of the study, like the diets of the aforementioned participants. These variables affect not only the research, but also whether or not people believe the results. Some may see the inability to control the patients’ diets as a reason to invalidate some conclusions. Furthermore, different people can interpret the same data and come to two conflicting conclusions. There are people who look at the same environmental data as others and still surmise there is no such thing as global warming. Since science is unable to successfully tell everyone the same â€Å"truth,† just like the Arts, it must thus progress in the direction believed to be the most truthful. Some people may argue, however, that the Arts are still better at revealing the truth than the sciences because people must have specific scientific knowledge to obtain truth in the sciences. The Arts, however, also require work and knowledge on the audience’s part. The audience must read between the lines and make inferences, since the writer or artist rarely explicitly states what â€Å"the truth† is. While literature, other Arts, and the sciences have different standards for what can be considered to be the truth, none is more effective than the other at telling the truth. Each must face problems inherent in human nature in conveying their messages and none of these problems can easily be addressed. Nevertheless, none of these Areas of Knowledge should be discarded as methods for communicating truth. Instead, people must individually and collectively evaluate every work or study on its own merits to attain a better grasp of â€Å"the truth.† Bibliography Farrell, Patrick. (2004). Portuguese Saudade and Other Emotions of Absence and Longing. Semantic Primes and Universal Grammar. Empirical Findings from the Romance Languages, ed. by Bert Peeters, Amsterdam and Philadelphia. Fitzgerald, F.S. (1925). The Great Gatsby. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster. Magee, B. (1998). The Story of Philosophy. New York, NY: Dorling Kindersley Publishing, Inc. Peirce, C.S. (1868). Some Consequences of Four Incapacities. Journal of Speculative Philosophy, 2, 140-157.

Education as an inseparable part of your personality Essays

Education as an inseparable part of your personality Essays Education as an inseparable part of your personality Essay Education as an inseparable part of your personality Essay During financial urgency education bides as one of the utmost and most important assets. sendspace files particularly it is apprehended as the win-win straightforward spending of financial and time reosurces. It is essential to include all the major chains in one’s education sequence: from the elementary education up to the moment when you are through with the university and probably suppose to look for the job or proceed with your studying and register for the master studies, followed by Phd. If you take out one of the chains, the learning process will be not consistent. During your elementary, middle and high education you can build a â€Å"fortress† for upcoming bachelor program in the university. This is one of the purposeses, why there are so many courses, which are not related to each other at all (like P.E. physical education, languages), but they are still combined together in the curriculum. The main point of this is to give the person the basic knowledge about the most essential areas of people’s life and development. notwithstanding, in my opinion there are several differences between the earlier periods of learning concept in the USA and Europe. In USA starting from early years the system is developed in such a direction, that pupils begin to narrow down their education to special knowledge, which will be most likely connected with their upcoming job. To be more specific, education requires more practical appeal. On the opposite side in Europe we elicit more theory and general classic education. Pupils learn the single course not connecting it a lot to their future possible type pf work. Which structure is the best? Of course representatives of each concept will argue and try to prove the failures of another concept. on the other hand this argument will never be finished. Throughout a number of years both systems confirmed to be efficient and be capable of providing proper level of study preparation of pupils before launching to the serious life. le choc des titans 2010 hotfile Thus, it is all the time depends on you: go deeper in the pure science and gain top theoretical knowledge or separate yourself a bit and attempt to start applying your skills to future profession already while learning at the early stages. Another aspect, which must be also certainly put into attention is the appeal to the academy education in various areas. In USA and the countries of past USSR (we will suppose these for comparison as those represent the issues in question in the most clear way) majority of the time student is placed in quite a uptight position and has to sort the course, which he/she is planning to study very carefully as the way of moving to another course is quite time consuming and requires a lot of resources. In European countries we have different case: students are quite protected while their university period and can change their studies around 2-3 times !? Changing too many times does not create any additional value into the education process. How might these differences be explained? In my opinion the governmental social instruments are the superior determinants in this case. USA, countries of past USSR are rather steady and social protection as the concept is not highly appreciated on the n ational level. In USA it is like this as a cosequence of generalUS mentality, heading towards lower taxes, superior state of private property, while in the countries of former USSR the economyis booming and the governmental social protection initiatives are only emerging. In Europe on the other hand we can notice, that social protection undertake a very intrinsic task in the society, and certainly in students’ lives in this situation. Having protection from the government, students can concentrate on subjects.In times of these procedures students do not risk to be taken to army or some obligatory service, which will take the education in a difficult position. Nevertheless there are definitely some negative aspects. First of all, sometimes because of this natural position students are not motivated enough and as a consequence do not spend their resources properly and might end up spending a bit too much on their bachelor program for example. In case they had dedicated more for ce, they presumptively would have finished the bachelor degree earlierand as a consequence would have a chance to undertake master before starting their job and therefore enhance their salary prospects. Therefore, you can agree that learning is one of most complex and challenging periods in life and there are a lot of roads to choose from, it’s for you to take decision which one to take.

Monmouth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Monmouth - Essay Example Consequently, General Lee was relieved of his duty, and the Continentals attacked the British again under the guidance of General Washington causing them to flee. The Battle of Monmouth, which took place on the June 27, 1778, was a constituent of the Middle Atlantic Campaign. Prior to the battle, the French joined the American’s Continental Army. On the other side, General Clinton, who was ordered to take the British troops from Philadelphia to New York by seas, decided to take them on foot. Seizing this opportunity, General Washington ordered General Lee to lead the Patriots for an attack on the British from behind. Lee’s 6,000 men attacked General Clinton’s 10,000 men, who were leaving the Monmouth Courthouse at that time, from the rear. However, there was a lot of confusion due to General Lee’s poor control of his men and the British army being more in numbers than the Patriots. This caused the British to force the Patriots to retreat. General Washingto n arrived with 6,000 men and relieved General Lee of command. Under the guidance of General Washington, the Continental Army continued the battle against the British troops with renewed encouragement and, by early evening, managed to force the British back to their original position. As a result, the British escaped, and although it was hard to choose who won, the Americans were the ones who gained victory due to forcing the British to retreat and flee. The battle ended on that day itself1,2. The Battle of Monmouth, which began and ended on June 27, 1778, was part of the Middle Atlantic Campaign. In this battle, General Lee led one half of the Patriots to attack 12,000 British troops, who were leaving the Monmouth Courthouse for New York, from behind. However, the Patriots were forced to retreat due to General Lee’s poor leadership and large numbers of the British troops. General Washington arrived with the rest of the men, and General Lee was dismissed from command. Washingt on rallied the Continentals and attacked the British again, causing them to come back to their original position. Discuss Patrick Henry’s impact on the Revolutionary War. Why do you think this person specifically made such an impact on the War? Patrick Henry was one of the most influential characters during the Revolutionary War. He was a man who had extremely good oratory skills and would never hesitate to express his dissatisfaction with the British rule. He played a major role in bringing about the revolution by his support of it in various meetings. Patrick Henry kept up his determination to make the colonies gain independence, taking action wherever necessary against the British. He is known for his famous dialogues, which increased his influence on other representatives. After deciding to become a lawyer, Patrick Henry’s political career fired off in 1763 with his victory in the Parson’s Cause. This victory enhanced his legal practice, causing him to win a seat in the House of Burgesses in 1765. Here, his powerful speech and supported statements against the Stamp Act increased his popularity as being a voice against the British reign. After the Boston Tea Party, Henry attended the First Continental Congress, where he represented Virginia, the state where he was born. At the Congress, he implored the colonists to write in strong resistance to Britain, giving a speech in which he stated, â€Å"

The Terrorist Among Us Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Terrorist Among Us - Research Paper Example The second bombing was outside a building, near an abortion clinic, whichwas believed to have been the prime target in the bombing. His actions did only portray him as a hero to the people in the community who had similar views, but also encouraged some of his followers to commit similar acts (Collett, 2005). To make it worse, a restaurant even came up with the sign saying â€Å"Rudolph eats here† as a way of trying to reach out to more customers who had similar affiliations as Eric Rudolph. At the time of the two bombings, people were not that open to the idea of gay marriage or abortion. As of 1996, gay people and abortion was not a generally accepted fact among the members of the society. After managing to accept the death sentence, Rudolph wrote a over a dozen essays stating is beliefs on abortion and gays. Although a mail bomb is a rather rare occurrence, people need to be on the lookout for any suspicious mail that may arrive at their premises or organizations. In most instances, the return address is normally nonexistent of fictitious. In most cases, if not all, the bomb mails are normally addressed to particular people. The letter bombs always targets individuals Additionally, the bomb mails are usually marked as private. They are normally personal; and addressed a specific person unlike other forms of bombing. Personnel working in organizations need to be able to identify suspicious mail without necessarily opening it. There are various indicators, which may act as a red flag to mail bombs. Alternatively, there are various aspects, which may symbolize or give a clue to mail bombings. Some of the common aspects, which may indicate mail bombs, include excessive weight, attributed to the parcel of package, excessive postage, excessive postage material, unusual odors on the package an d excessive securing the material such as tape. In most cases, most